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List of main IR spectroscopy bands. For example, the carboxyl group will contain a C = O band at 1700 cm−1 and an OH band at 3500 cm−1 (total group -COOH). Wavenumbers listed in cm−1.
Regions
A spectrograph is often interpreted as having two regions.[6]

functional group region {\displaystyle \geq 1500{\text{ cm}}^{-1}} {\displaystyle \geq 1500{\text{ cm}}^{-1}}
In the functional region there are one to a few troughs per functional group.[6]

fingerprint region {\displaystyle <1500{\text{ cm}}^{-1}} {\displaystyle <1500{\text{ cm}}^{-1}}
In the fingerprint region there are many troughs which form an intricate pattern which can be used like a fingerprint to determine the compound.[6]

Badger's rule
For many kinds of samples, the assignments are known, i.e. which bond deformation(s) are associated with which frequency. In such cases further information can be gleaned about the strength on a bond, relying on the empirical guideline called Badger's Rule. Originally published by Richard Badger in 1934,[7] this rule states that the strength of a bond correlates with the frequency of its vibrational mode. That is, increase in bond strength leads to corresponding frequency increase and vice versa.

Uses and applications